A Road to Globalization 1200 to1500 AD pan Alice Wood
Caractéristiques
- A Road to Globalization 1200 to1500 AD
- Alice Wood
- Format: Pdf, ePub, MOBI, FB2
- ISBN: 9798201018115
- Editeur: JL
- Date de parution: 2022
Télécharger des livres électroniques amazon sur ordinateur A Road to Globalization 1200 to1500 AD FB2 CHM PDB en francais
Overview
The late middle ages were an unsettling transitional period in general having everlasting effects upon the main population of the world, settled in three most populated continents namely asia, africa and europe. The three main religions representing different cultures and historical background influenced each other strongly. Jews, christians and muslims now carried out their fundamental differences even more intensively than before in a critical to hostile manner.
From a religious and cultural point of view, muslims were neutral for jews, but the claim for revelation for mohammed was of course rejected, as was any claim for a final revelation that exalted or even superseded the torah. In jewish law, the sinai revelation, the torah, applies exclusively to israel, while non-jews should confine themselves to recognizing the god of israel as the only god and to observing seven precepts called the "noahide commandments".
Everything else is considered "foreign cult, usually in the sense of idolatry, with the exception of islam and in the late middle ages also rudimentary christianity. But its monotheistic character was questioned for some time. As a rule, too little attention is paid to the jews in the byzantine empire, which at this time was losing more and more of its territory and came to an end in 1453 with the conquest of constantinople, which the jews, filled with messianic hopes, enthusiastically welcomed.
Although the ancient roman legal status was still valid with restrictions, the jewish communities had to endure repeated persecution and with the crusades they got into dangerous situations altogether. In the islamic world, the situation was more relaxed, since jewish law recognizes islam as monotheism and therefore the risk of ritual defilement was all but eliminated. There were occasional persecutions here under individual rulers, but the religious or pseudo-religious motivation for persecutions and expulsions, as was the case in christian areas, did not exist.
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